Granular electricity matching is becoming an important evidentiary requirement in several renewable and low-carbon hydrogen frameworks, supplementing and, in some frameworks, tightening earlier monthly or annual matching approaches used for energy attribute claims. This report synthesises the policy and technical landscape for digital measurement, reporting, and verification (dMRV) to support granular electricity matching and hydrogen certification/compliance across three leading jurisdictions: the European Union (RFNBO rules under the Renewable Energy Directive framework), the United States (Section 45V Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit guidance), and the United Kingdom (Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard). The study uses a consistent analytical framework that incorporates credibility, cost-effectiveness, scalability, interoperability, and governance to compare regulatory requirements (additionality, temporal and geographic correlation, lifecycle GHG accounting) and evaluate what these rules imply for evidence, data granularity, and certificate issuance/retirement processes. The study also draws practical insights from early digital MRV pilots and associated initiatives, including hydrogen guarantees of origin programs, digital MRV programs in climate markets, and granular electricity certification initiatives. These cases are treated primarily as evidence of reported capabilities and differing levels of operational maturity rather than as evidence of fully mature, market-wide deployment. The findings indicate that scalable compliance with hourly matching and scheme-specific emissions accounting may be facilitated by automated data capture (smart metering/IoT), robust validation and audit trails, secure digital identities, and interoperable certificate registries, alongside credible governance and verification arrangements. To make implementation easier, the paper proposes a modular end-to-end architecture that includes data ingestion, quality assurance, rules engines for calculating eligibility and emissions, evidence packaging, independent verification, and authorised issuance, and assurance workflows. Additionally, it proposes a typology of dMRV architectures, including hybrid models, permissioned distributed ledger systems, and upgraded centralized registries. The analysis finds that distributed ledger technologies may strengthen traceability and coordination in some settings, but do not substitute for institutional trust, external recognition, or enforceable governance. A phased roadmap (short-, medium-, and long-term) outlines priorities for pilots, standards alignment, interoperability, and eventual cross-border recognition to avoid fragmented certification silos while maintaining regulatory integrity. Rather than assuming universal certificate acceptance, the report concludes that a more realistic near-term objective is common digital evidence that can be assessed differently across jurisdictions according to distinct legal and policy criteria.
